Connect the men on the left to the respective events on the right.Answer: The men are General Yamashita and Captain Ernest Medina. The events are the Manila massacre by the Japanese troops in 1945 and the My Lai massacre by the American troops in 1971. The specific connect I was looking for is the notion of command responsibility also known as the Yamashita standard or the Medina standard. The doctrine states that a supervising officer is responsible for the crimes committed by those under his/her command. Read Matti's answer for more details. Matti Tapaninen and an anon gave the answer I had in mind. Mekie, Krithi, Jamie and Manix got partly there. Well done all. Also check out this wiki link for a massacre described by George Fernandes as India's My Lai.
6 comments:
Manila massacre 1945 by japanese troops, these troops were commanded by general Yamashita who was later executed. Although General Yamashita had ordered all Japanese forces under his command to withdraw from Manila, and had no control over those who chose to disobey his orders, he was nonetheless judged to be responsible and executed. The Yamashita standard -regarding a commander's responsibility for action taken by anyone under his command- is based upon his trial.
My Lai massacre in Vietnam war, captain Ernest Medina, commander of the Charlie company, unit which conducted the killings. He was court-martialed in 1971 for willingly allowing his men to murder My Lai noncombatants. Medina's defense team alleged that he did not become aware that his troops were out of control until it was too late.
Medina was ultimately found not guilty of all charges relating to the deaths of more than 500 South Vietnamese civilians in the massacre.Lieutenant William Calley, a platoon leader serving in Medina's company during the massacre and who claimed he was following orders from Medina, was found guilty of various crimes.
These are massacres involving military officers. The 2nd hint points to the My Lai massacre and William Calley.
1.Manila massacre of 1945 during WW II.General Yamashita Tomoyuki of Japanese Imperial Army was adjudged responsible and was executed.
2.My Lai Massacre during Vietnam war was the mass murder conducted by a unit of the U.S. Army on March 16, 1968 of 347–504 unarmed citizens in South Vietnam, all of whom were civilians and a majority of whom were women, children (including babies) and elderlypeople.Ernest Medina – Captain, company commander of Charlie Company, who planned, ordered, and supervised the execution of the operation in Sơn Mỹ village.
Krithi
Top is General Tomoyuki Yamashita Responsible for the "Manila massacre"
Bottom is Captian Ernest Lou Medina responsible for the "My Lai Massacre"
Manila massacre - Gen Tomoyuki Yamashita.
My Lai massacre - Ernest Medina. Both were commanding officers when the respective massacres occurred. Their names are attached to a standard of accountability in war crimes. It implies that knowledge of the crimes is sufficient to convict. Had to Google of course ..:)
Bottom left is My Lai, and to the right is Ernest Medina. I am guessing the top is a photo of the Rape of Nanking? Not sure...
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